Contents
PREFACE 5
INTRODUCTION 13
PART ONE — General & Legal
WHAT IS A FENCE? 17
AM I LEGALLY REQUIRED TO HAVE A FENCE? 19
WILL MY FENCE NEED COUNCIL APPROVAL? 20
DO I NEED MY NEIGHBOUR’S CONSENT? 21
Crown Land — 21; Privately owned land — 21
FENCES AND RETAINING WALLS BETWEEN ADJACENT PROPERTIES – ARE THEY THE SAME? 22
PART TWO — Rural Fences
AUSTRALIAN FENCES—FROM THE BEGINNING 27
Fences in the outback — 29; Chock and-log fence — 34; Modified Chock-and-log — 36; Dogleg Fence — 37; The Zig Zag — 37; Bush Carpentry — 39; Further reading — 40; Post and Rail fences — 41; Rammed earth fences and walls — 41; Dry stone walling — 42; Wire fences — 44
WHY DO I NEED FENCES? 47
Investment Value — 48; Farm Management — 48; Pasture and Land Utilisation — 49; Laneways — 49; Rotational grazing — 50; Conservation — 50; Wildlife — 50
WHAT ARE THE REASONS FOR BUILDING THE FENCE THAT MEETS MY NEEDS? 51
Stock management — 51; Land and pasture management — 52; Crop and stock protection — 53; Human safety — 53; Legal requirements — 53; Other reasons — 53; Your special reasons . . . — 53
WHY DO REASONS MATTER? 54
Livestock enterprise — 54; General habits of stock — 55; Animal behaviour with fencing — 56; General habits of other animals — 57; Fence Selection — 57
IS MY FARM FREE OF HAZARDS? 58
WHAT TYPE OF FENCES ARE BEST FOR ME? 59
FENCE TYPES 59
Electric Fencing — 61; Prefabricated fencing — 63; Temporary fencing — 63
FENCE DESIGNS AND MATERIALS 64
SHEEP ONLY — 64; SHEEP AND LAMBS — 64; SHEEP AND LAMBS — 65; CATTLE SHEEP AND LAMBS — 65; BOUNDARY AND GOATS — 65; CATTLE FENCING — 66; RABBIT PROOF NETTING FENCE — 66; PIG AND BOUNDARY FENCE — 67; HORSE FENCING — 67
KEY FENCING COMPONENTS 73
FENCING WIRES 74
Types of Fence Wires — 74; Breaking Load — 74; Elasticity — 74; Elastic Limit — 74; Protective Coatings — 75; WARATAH® FENCE WIRES — 76; Waratah® Horsesighter® Wire — 77
CATTLE YARD STRAND 79
Introduction — 79; Strength — 79; Economy — 80; Efficiency — 80; Versatility — 80
CATTLE YARD DESIGN 81
Waratah Cattle Strand for Horse Yards — 81
PRE-FABRICATED FENCING 82
WIRE NETTING 84
BARBED WIRE 84
VITICULTURE and HORTICULTURE 85
Further reading — 89
STRAINER ASSEMBLIES 89
Functions — 89; Engineering principles — 90; Designs — 91; Materials — 93; Steel Strainer Assemblies — 93; Corner Assemblies — 94; Double Strainer Assemblies — 95
FENCE POSTS & DROPPERS 95
Functions — 95; Engineering principles — 96; Materials — 97
FENCE DROPPERS 98
Functions — 98; Materials — 98; Points Regarding Erection — 99
GATES AND GATEWAYS 100
SHOULD I BUILD MY OWN FENCES? 101
WHAT ARE MY COST FACTORS? 103
HOW DO I START THE PROJECT? 103
PART THREE — Suburban Fences
HOW DO I FIND THE FENCE I NEED? 107
WHAT MATERIALS SHOULD I USE? 108
WHO WILL BUILD MY FENCE? 111
WHAT IF I EMPLOY A FENCING CONTRACTOR? 111
HOW CAN I DO THIS? 111
DO I HAVE ANY OTHER PROTECTION? 113
INTRODUCTION — 113; CONTRACT — 114; CONTRACT VARIATIONS — 114; GUARANTEE — 115; NOTICE TO FENCE — 115; PERMITS — 115; BOUNDARIES & POSITION OF FENCES — 116; GROUND LEVELS — 116; SITE — 116; UNDERGROUND SERVICES — 117; ELECTRICITY & WATER SUPPLY — 117; SITE CLEAN-UP — 117; DISPUTE RESOLUTION — 118; DEPOSITS — 118; ACCOUNTS — 118
CAN I DESIGN & BUILD MY OWN FENCE? 119
Suburban fences – — 119
WORKING WITH TIMBER FENCES 121
TERMINOLOGY 122
TIMBER SELECTION 123
BASICS OF LAYOUT & DESIGN 124
PLOTTING THE FENCE LINE 124
SETTING THE FENCE LINE 125
What if my fence is on an uneven slope? — 126
PALING & OTHER VERTICAL BOARD FENCES 129
Basic specifications — Paling Fences— 131; Posts — 131; Rails — 133; Plinths — 134; Palings — 134; Finishing touches — 135; Cappings — 135; Surface protection — 137; Fence Paints and Stains — 137; Galvanised Nails — 137
OTHER VERTICAL BOARD FENCES 138
Board and Batten — 138; Vertical Board — 138; WARNING — 138
CORRAL & OTHER HORIZONTAL BOARD FENCES 141
Horizontal Single Sided Corral — 141; Double Sided Corral — 141; Angled and Herringbone Corral — 142
PICKET & SLAT FENCES 145
Posts — 145; Rails — 146; Plinths — 147
PICKETS 148
SLAT FENCES 150
DOWEL FENCES 151
TI-TREE AND BRUSH FENCES 152
Ti-tree Fences — 152; Brush Fences — 153
RIPPLE IRON FENCES 154
WOVEN WIRE FENCES 156
HERITAGE WOVEN WIRE GATES 158
BRICK AND STONE FENCES 159
WROUGHT IRON FENCES 163
TUBULAR STEEL & WELDMESH FENCES 164
GATES — 166
ENTRANCE GATES 167
PART FOUR — Utility Fences
POOL FENCES 171
Why is pool fencing so necessary? — 171; What pool fences are available? — 171
SECURITY FENCES 175
Temporary Security Fences — 177
ACOUSTIC FENCES 179
ANIMAL & PET ENCLOSURES 181
RSPCA Australia - Animals Charter — 181
DOGS 183
Pen Sizes — 183; Visibility — 184; Fence heights — 184; Materials — 185; Gates — 186; Domestic Animals — 186
HORSES 186
Premises — General requirements — 186; Fencing — 186; Accommodation — 187
CATTLE 188
Cattle Feedlots — 189; General yard management including space requirements — 189; Deer, Emu, Ostrich etc. — 190
ANIMAL WELFARE & HUSBANDRY 190
Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals — 190
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY 192
RURAL EDUCATION & TRAINING 192
DRY STONE WALLING 193
“What is it about stones? — 194; Retaining walls — 196; Retaining the past and planning for the future — 197; Victoria — 197; New South Wales — 198; Education and training — 202; Victoria — 202; New South Wales — 202; Useful contacts: — 203; Further reading — 203
THE TOURING EXHIBITION 204
PART FIVE — Essential Information
BUILDING DISPLAY CENTRES 209
New South Wales — 209; Queensland — 209; South Australia — 210; Western Australia — 210; Tasmania — 210; Northern Territory — 210
TIMBER ADVISORY SERVICES 210
RURAL EDUCATION & TRAINING 211
LEGAL & REGULATORY ADVICE 211
PEOPLE WELFARE 213
THE DRY STONE WALLS ASSOCIATION 215
Statement of Purposes: — 215
Victorian High Country Huts Association 217
PRODUCT INFORMATION 219
STEEL GARDEN FENCES 220
EMU WOVEN WIRE FENCING 222
WHAT TIMBERS CAN I USE? 223
Farm fencing — 223; Domestic fencing — 224; Further reading:- — 226
TIMBER SPECIES 227
COMMERCIAL TIMBERS:- — 227; LOCALLY GROWN TIMBERS — 234; Stringybark Group — 240; SOURCES — 242
TIMBER INDEX — Commercial Timbers 242
TIMBER INDEX - Local timbers 243
GLOSSARY OF TERMS 246
GENERAL INDEX 261
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